UNESCO World Heritage
Namhansanseong in Gyeonggi-do

Introduction to Namhansanseong Fortress

History of Namhansanseong

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General History of Namhansanseong

General History of Namhansanseong

A table of the general history of Namhansanseong Fortress, providing information on the Three Kingdoms Period, Goryeo Dynasty, Joseon Dynasty, etc.
Three Kingdoms of Korea King Onjo of Baekje 6 B.C. (13th year of his reign) The capital is established below Hansan Mountain, and Hanam Wiryeseong (earthen fortification) is built south of the Hangang River.
King Jinheung of Silla 553 (14th year of his reign) Sinju (local administrative district) is established in northeastern Baekje.
568 (29th year of his reign) Sinju (Namcheonju) District is established.
King Jinpyeong of Silla 604 (26th year of his reign) Namcheonju District is abolished and replaced by Hansanju District.
King Gyeongdeok of Silla 757 (16th year of his reign) The Hansanju district is renamed as Hanju.
Goryeo Dynasty King Taejo 940 (23rd year of his reign) The Hanju district is renamed as Gwangju.
King Seongjong 983 (2nd year of his reign) Gwangjumok County is established with the introduction of the county magistrate system.
995 (14th year of his reign) The military governor system is established in the country
King Yejong   Gwangju becomes subject to Yanggwangchungcheongju-do Province.
King Myeongjong   The administrative district is reformed and the local province is divided into Chungcheong-do and Yanggwang-do Provinces. Gwangju becomes subject to Yanggwang-do Province.
King Gongyang   Left and Right Gyeonggi-do Provinces are established.
Joseon Dynasty King Taejo 1395 (4th year of his reign) Gwangju becomes part of Left Gyeonggi-do Province with the reforms of the local provincial system.
King Sejo 1455 (1st year of his reign) The Gwangju Jwabo system enters into force.
Prince Yeonsan 1505 (11th year of his reign) Gwangju is abolished following a local rebellion.
King Jungjong 1511 (6th year of his reign) The old town is re-established and the county magistrate is sent to Gwangju.
King Injo Jan. 1624 (2nd year of his reign) Yi Gwal Rebellion
1626 (4th year of his reign) Gwangjumok (County Magistrate Office) is relocated inside Namhansanseong Fortress.
The Sueocheong (Royal Defense Command) is established.
1633 (11th year of his reign) The county magistrate also serves as the Toposa (a special official charged with searching and arresting thieves).
1636 (14th year of his reign) The Qing dynasty invades Joseon.
1637 (15th year of his reign) The county magistrate is raised to the status of Buyun (Chief Magistrate).
King Hyojong 1652 (3rd year of his reign) The Gwangju chief magistrate also serves as the Deputy Royal Defense Commander.
King Sukjong 1680 (6th year of his reign) The position of chief magistrate-cum-deputy royal defense commander is reestablished after being abolished.
1683 (9th year of his reign) The position of magistrate-cum-royal defense commander is established.
1690 (16th year of his reign) The position of chief magistrate-cum-defense commander is established.
1691 (17th year of his reign) The position of chief magistrate-cum-deputy royal defense commander is established.
1700 (26th year of his reign) The position of deputy royal defense commander is abolished.
King Yeongjo 1750 (26th year of his reign) The position of royal defense commander is abolished, while that of chief magistrate-cum-royal defense commander is established.
King Jeongjo 1795 (19th year of his reign) The Gyeongcheong or Royal Defense Command is abolished, while the position of chief magistrate-cum-royal defense commander is established.
King Gojong 1895 (32nd year of his reign) The district becomes Gwangju-gun County of Hanseong-bu City.
1896 (33rd year of his reign) The district becomes Gwangju-bu City.
Gwangmu Emperor 1906 (10th year of his reign) The Gwangju-bu district is renamed as Gwangju-gun County.

History of Namhansanseong Architecture

History of Namhansanseong Architecture

A table of the history of Namhansanseong Fortress construction, providing information on the Three Kingdoms Period, Joseon Dynasty, etc.
Three Kingdoms of Korea King Munmu of Silla 672 (12th year of his reign) Jujangseong Fortress (length of about 4,360 steps) is built to the east of Gwangju.
Joseon Dynasty King Seonjo 1593 (26th year of his reign) Ryu Seong-ryong (Chief State Councilor) called for the introduction of a policy aimed at establishing the royal defense command system and building a stone fortress (Namhansanseong).
1596 (29th year of his reign) The Namhansanseong area is defended by about sixty monk- soldiers under the command of Buddhist monk Yujeong.
1597 (30th year of his reign) Due to the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1597, calls to restore Namhansanseong Fortress are voiced.
1603 (36th year of his reign) The argument for restoring the fortress is reviewed again in February.
Prince Gwanghae 1621 (13th year of his reign)   The Namhansanseong area is chosen as a protective area and construction of a fortress starts
King Injo Oct. 1623 (1st year of his reign) Civil official Yi Gwi calls for the restoration of the fortress.
Mar. 1624 (2nd year of his reign) Chief State Councilor Yi Won-ik argues strongly for the fortress to be repaired.
1624 (2nd year of his reign) The Inhwagwan guesthouse is built by County Magistrate Yu Rim at Namhansanseong.
Apr. 1624 (2nd year of his reign) Sim Gi-won is appointed as Namhan Supreme Field Commander and ordered to repair the fortress.
Jun. 1624 (2nd year of his reign) Namyang District Magistrate Yu Rim is assigned as Gwangju County Magistrate.
Jul. 1624 (2nd year of his reign) Yi Seo (Commander of the Northern Approaches) rebuilds Namhansanseong on its former site.
Sept. 1624 (2nd year of his reign) Yi Seo (Commander of the Northern Approaches) and County Magistrate Yu Rim begin the construction of the upper and lower palace buildings at the Temporary Palace.
Apr. 1625 (3rd year of his reign) The construction of the upper and lower palace buildings of the Temporary Palace is completed.
Nov. 1626 (4th year of his reign) The reconstruction of Namhansanseong is completed.
1636 (14th year of his reign) The Qing dynasty invades Korea.
Gusongjeong Pavilion is built.
Jan. 1638 (16th year of his reign) The main wall of Namhansanseong is extended.
1638 (16th year of his reign) Onjowangmyo Shrine is built.
King Hyeonjong 1668 (9th year of his reign) Commander of Royal Defense Kim Jwa-myeong renames the Yeonmudang as the Yeonmugwan (Military Training Center) inside the fortress.
1672 (13th year of his reign) Chief Magistrate Yi Se-hwa builds Jisudang Pavilion inside the fortress.
King Sukjong Apr. 1686 (12th year of his reign) The construction of Hanbongoeseong Fortress is begun under the control of Yun Ji-seon (Gwangju Magistrate).
May 1686 (12th year of his reign) The construction of the Hanbongoeseong Fortress is completed by mobilizing soldiers from the Royal Defense Command.
1688 (14th year of his reign) Gwangju Magistrate Yi Se-baek builds Jaedeokdang Hall and Hyeonjeolsa Shrine.
1693 (19th year of his reign) Royal Defense Commander Oh Si-bok rebuilds the Hanbongoeseong Fortress, and Hyeonjeolsa Shrine is established by royal charter.
Third State Councilor Min Am called for the construction of an outpost at Bongam and Hanbong in Namhansanseong.
1705 (31st year of his reign) Two bastions are added to the Hanbongseong Fortress, only to be demolished later by the Qing army.
1711 (37th year of his reign) The Jwajeon (Royal Ancestral Shrine, 26 kan) and the Usil (Altar for the Deities of Earth and Grain, 4 kan) are additionally built. (kan: a unit of measurement referring to the distance between two columns)
1719 (45th year of his reign) Royal Defense Commander Min Jin-hu builds the new Sinnamseong Fortress (also known as Namgyeokdae).